Summary The impact of coffee subtypes on the incidence of cardiovascular disease, arrhythmias and mortality: long-term results from the UK Biobank Goals Epidemiological studies report the beneficial effects of regular coffee consumption on the incidence of arrhythmia, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and mortality. However, the impact of different coffee preparations on cardiovascular outcomes and survival is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate associations between coffee subtypes on incident outcomes, using the UK Biobank. Methods and results Coffee subtypes were defined as decaffeinated, ground, and instant , then divided into 0, <1, 1, 2–3, 4–5, and >5 cups/day, and compared to non-drinkers. Cardiovascular diseases included coronary heart disease, heart failure, and ischemic stroke. Cox regression model with hazard ratios (HR) assessed associations with incident arrhythmia, CVD, and mortality. Outcomes were determined through ICD codes and death records. A total of 449,563 participants (median 58 years, 55.3% women) were followed for 12.5 ± 0.7 years. Consumption of ground and instant coffee was associated with a significant reduction in arrhythmia with 1 to 5 cups/day, but not with decaffeinated coffee. The lowest risk was 4 to 5 cups/day of ground coffee [HR 0.83, confidence interval (CI) 0.76 to 0.91, P < 0.0001] and 2 to 3 cups/day of coffee instantaneous (HR 0.88, CI 0.85-0.92, P < 0.0001). All coffee subtypes were associated with a reduction in CVD incidence (lowest risk was 2 to 3 cups/day for decaffeinated, P = 0.0093; ground, P < 0.0001; and instant coffee, P < 0.0001) compared to non-drinkers. All-cause mortality was significantly reduced for all coffee subtypes, with the greatest risk reduction observed at 2 to 3 cups/day for decaffeinated (HR 0.86, CI 0.81 to 0.91, P < 0 .0001); soil (HR 0.73, CI 0.69-0.78, P < 0.0001); and instant coffee (HR 0.89, CI 0.86–0.93, P < 0.0001). Conclusion Decaffeinated, ground, and instant coffee , particularly 2 to 3 cups per day, were associated with significant reductions in CVD incidence and mortality. Ground and instant coffee, but not decaffeinated, were associated with a reduction in arrhythmia. |
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Drinking two to three cups of coffee a day is linked to a longer life and a lower risk of cardiovascular disease compared to avoiding coffee, according to research published today in the European Journal of Preventive Cardiology , a journal of the ESC. The findings applied to ground, instant and decaffeinated varieties.
"In this large observational study , ground, instant and decaffeinated coffee were associated with equivalent reductions in the incidence of cardiovascular disease and death from cardiovascular disease or from any cause," said study author Professor Peter Kistler of Baker Heart. and Diabetes Research Institute , Melbourne, Australia. “The results suggest that light to moderate consumption of ground, instant and decaffeinated coffee should be considered part of a healthy lifestyle .”
There is little information about the impact of different coffee preparations on heart health and survival. This study examined associations between types of coffee and incident arrhythmias, cardiovascular disease and death using data from the UK Biobank, which recruited adults aged 40 to 69 years. Cardiovascular disease included coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure, and ischemic stroke.
The study included 449,563 participants without arrhythmias or other cardiovascular diseases at the start of the study. The median age was 58 years and 55.3% were women. Participants completed a questionnaire asking how many cups of coffee they drank each day and whether they typically drank instant, ground (such as cappuccino or filter coffee), or decaffeinated coffee. They were then grouped into six daily intake categories, consisting of none, less than one, one, two to three, four to five, and more than five cups per day.
The usual type of coffee was instant in 198,062 (44.1%) participants, ground in 82,575 (18.4%) and decaffeinated in 68,416 (15.2%). There were 100,510 (22.4%) non-coffee drinkers who served as the comparison group.
Coffee drinkers were compared with non-drinkers for the incidence of arrhythmias, cardiovascular disease, and death, after adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, smoking, and consumption. of tea and alcohol. Outcome information was obtained from medical records and death records. The median follow-up was 12.5 years .
A total of 27,809 (6.2%) participants died during follow-up. All types of coffee were linked to a reduction in death from any cause. The greatest risk reduction was seen with two to three cups a day , which compared to no coffee was associated with a 14%, 27% and 11% lower chance of death for decaffeinated, ground and instant preparations, respectively.
Cardiovascular disease was diagnosed in 43,173 (9.6%) participants during follow-up. All coffee subtypes were associated with a reduction in the incidence of cardiovascular disease. Again, the lowest risk was seen with two to three cups a day, which compared to coffee abstinence was associated with a 6%, 20%, and 9% reduced odds of cardiovascular disease for decaffeinated instant coffee, ground, respectively.
An arrhythmia was diagnosed in 30,100 (6.7%) participants during follow-up. Ground and instant coffee, but not decaffeinated , were associated with a reduction in arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation . Compared with non-drinkers, the lowest risks were seen with four to five cups per day of ground coffee and two to three cups per day of instant coffee, with 17% and 12% risk reductions, respectively.
Professor Kistler said: “ Caffeine is the best-known component of coffee, but the drink contains more than 100 biologically active components. It is likely that non-caffeine compounds were responsible for the positive relationships observed between coffee consumption, cardiovascular disease, and survival. “Our findings indicate that consumption of modest amounts of coffee of all types should not be discouraged but can be enjoyed as a heart-healthy behavior.”
