Summary Background Although obesity is a known risk factor, the impact of weight change on colorectal adenoma risk is less clear and could have important implications for disease prevention. We prospectively evaluated weight change in adulthood and incident colorectal adenoma. Methods We assessed weight change during early-late adulthood (age 20 years at baseline, i.e., ages 55-74 years), early-middle age (20-50 years), and middle-late adulthood (50 years-baseline ) using self-reported weight data in relation to incident distal adenoma in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (cases = 1,053; controls = 16,576). For each period, we defined stable weight as greater than -0.5 kg to less than or equal to 1 kg/5 years, weight loss less than or equal to -0.5 kg/5 years, and weight gain greater than 1-2 , greater than 2-3, or greater than 3 kg/5 years. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using logistic regression; all tests were bilateral. Results Compared with stable weight, weight loss during early and late adulthood was associated with a reduced risk of adenoma (OR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.34 to 0.86), particularly among those who were overweight or obese at age 20 (OR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.18 to 0.84). The results were similar for early and middle adulthood, but less pronounced for middle and late adulthood. Weight gain greater than 3 kg/5 years during early and late adulthood was associated with increased risk (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.07 to 1.58, Ptrend < 0.001). The findings appeared stronger among men (OR for >3 kg/5 years = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.11 to 1.80) than women (OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.79 to 1.50, Interaction = 0.21). Conclusions Weight loss in adulthood was associated with a reduced risk of adenoma, particularly for those who were overweight or obese, while weight gain greater than 3 kg/5 years increased the risk. The findings underscore the importance of maintaining a healthy weight throughout adulthood to prevent colorectal adenoma. |
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A new article in JNCI Cancer Spectrum, published by Oxford University Press, indicates that overweight and obese people who lose weight can reduce their chances of later developing colorectal adenoma, a type of benign growth or polyp in the colon or rectum that could lead to colorectal cancer.
Colorectal cancer is the third most common type of cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death among men and women in the United States.
Over the past 30 years, obesity has increased in the United States and around the world, leading to the increased development of many chronic diseases. Obesity is a known risk factor for colorectal adenoma and colorectal cancer.
Doctors commonly recommend weight loss for overweight and obese people. Although weight loss is believed to have some beneficial health effects, it has been an open question whether weight loss can reduce the chance of developing colorectal adenoma. Most studies have only investigated colorectal adenoma risk in relation to obesity or body mass index assessed at one time point, with fewer studies evaluating the role of weight change.
The researchers here evaluated weight change (including weight gain and loss) during three periods of adulthood in relation to colorectal adenoma using self-reported weight data in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Cancer Screening Trial. ovary.
The trial enrolled 154,942 men and women in the United States aged 55 to 74 between 1993 and 2001 to evaluate the effectiveness of different screening approaches in preventing death from various types of cancer. The current study used data from participants in the screening arm of the trial, who received colorectal cancer screening at baseline and again 3 to 5 years later.
Researchers found that, compared with stable weight, weight loss in adulthood (defined as a loss greater than or equal to 1.1 pounds every 5 years) was associated with a 46% reduction in adenoma risk colorectal.
This was particularly true among adults who were initially overweight or obese. The researchers also reported that weight gain in adulthood was associated with an increased likelihood of adenoma, particularly for weight gain greater than 6.6 pounds over 5 years.
The weight loss and weight gain findings appeared stronger among men than women. The researchers believe the findings suggest the importance of maintaining a healthy weight throughout adulthood to prevent colorectal adenoma. Additionally, adults who are overweight or obese can reduce their risk of developing colorectal adenoma by losing weight.
"Our findings suggest that avoiding weight gain in adulthood may help reduce the chance that someone will develop a precancerous growth called colorectal adenoma, which in turn may reduce the risk of developing colorectal cancer," said the lead author. of the studio, Kathryn Hughes Barry. “Based on our findings, we would not recommend weight loss for all adults. But the results suggest that overweight and obese adults may benefit from weight loss.”
